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Submitted by
Assigned_Reviewer_6
Q1: Comments to author(s).
First provide a summary of the paper, and then address the following
criteria: Quality, clarity, originality and significance. (For detailed
reviewing guidelines, see
http://nips.cc/PaperInformation/ReviewerInstructions)
Mixture models (MM) assume that instances are drawn
from a mixture of K component distributions with unknown coefficients.
Topic models (TM), on the other hand, assume that samples/documents have
different mixing weights of the underlying topic distribution over words.
This paper tries to close the gap between MM and TM. Their proposed model
assumes that several samples are drawn from the same underlying K
distributions, but similar to TM, has different mixing weights and assume
that instances are treated as feature vectors similar to MM.
This
is a theory paper that provides two algorithms that can recover the
underlying structure for this model. One algorithm, Multi Sample
Projection (MSP), uses multiple samples to project high dimensional data
to low dimensional space while keeping the means of the mixture components
well separated. They utilize the assumption that, if we have sufficiently
many mixtures, their means will span the affine space spanned by the K
underlying means. The second algorithm, Double Sample Clustering (DSC),
assumes disjoint clusters/supports but they do not make any assumption
about the distributions. DSC is a tree-based approach such that each leaf
represents a cluster and provided cluster “error” guarantees.
-
This provides a nice contribution to clustering theory, linking MM and TM.
- They provide two new clustering algorithms that can learn from
multiple mixtures. - Their approach allows generalization to words not
present in the training data. It would be nice to see experiments showing
this important property. - The experiments compared their approach
with K-Means as baseline. They should also include topic modeling (e.g.,
LDA) as another baseline in the other extreme. - The experiments only
show when there are two sets of mixing coefficients. How does your
algorithm fare with more than two sets? - For the competing methods,
why project them only to one dimensional space? Why not to K-1 dimensional
space before applying K-means?
Comments to improve clarity of
presentation: - The use of the term “sample” in this paper was
confusing. “Sample” in machine learning is commonly used to mean an
instance. After re-reading the paper several times, I realized that the
use of “sample” in this paper actually meant a population of instances
with the same mixture weights. It would help to use a different term or at
least define it early on to avoid confusion. - In the introduction,
make sure to indicate that the context of your citation to early work
(“starting from [5]”) are works on clustering theory. - Page 4, Line
191: “Let \mu is” to “Let \mu be” - Page 5, Line 217: “assums”
Q2: Please summarize your review in 1-2
sentences
This work provides two novel algorithms for finding
multiple underlying distributions with different mixing component weights.
They proved that these algorithms work under milder assumptions than
competing methods. This provides a nice contribution to clustering theory,
linking MM and TM. Submitted by
Assigned_Reviewer_7
Q1: Comments to author(s).
First provide a summary of the paper, and then address the following
criteria: Quality, clarity, originality and significance. (For detailed
reviewing guidelines, see
http://nips.cc/PaperInformation/ReviewerInstructions)
This paper studies an interesting problem that lies
between standard inference problems for mixture models, and for topic
models. As a motivating example (borrowed from the paper), suppose that
there are M hospitals, and we are interested in understanding various
types of heart disease. Suppose that there are K types -- these represent
the components in a standard mixture model. The main part of departure for
this paper is, instead of grouping together all the samples into one set,
make use of the fact that you know which patients are associated with
which hospitals. In particular, we suppose that the patients in a hospital
as a population are represented by a distribution over the K types of
heart disease. This could be because certain types are more prevalent in
particular geographic regions, etc.
Consider for example, the
classic learning mixtures of Gaussians problem. There each sample is from
one of the K components, but the trouble is that we do not know which
component generated it. In this paper, the authors think of the samples as
divided into M sets each one of which is represented by some intrinsic
distribution on the K components. This is more similar in spirit to topic
modeling (where it is crucial that we allow a document to be a
distribution on multiple topics). Of course, this setting is also
different than topic modeling since we are given a complete sample instead
of a sparse vector of which words occur in a given document.
I
think the question the authors study here is quite elegant, and I am not
aware of any previous work. The authors give results somewhat analogous to
the clustering-based approaches for mixtures of Gaussians, but with
improved separation conditions. The first part of the paper is focused on
recovering a low-dimensional subspace that roughly preserves the distance
between the centers, and the second part assumes that the mixture
components have disjoint supports. I think this second part of the paper
is not so interesting, however. It is true that the separation conditions
used in clustering mixtures of Gaussians mean that the components have
almost disjoint supports, but it seems like only very strange
distributions would have truly disjoint supports.
Q2: Please summarize your review in 1-2 sentences
Overall, I think this paper is a nice contribution.
The problem the authors study is interesting, and should be further
studied. The results are novel, and have better separation conditions than
existing work (which does not assume there are M types). However, the
second part of the paper is not so natural in my
opinion. Submitted by
Assigned_Reviewer_8
Q1: Comments to author(s).
First provide a summary of the paper, and then address the following
criteria: Quality, clarity, originality and significance. (For detailed
reviewing guidelines, see
http://nips.cc/PaperInformation/ReviewerInstructions)
The problem of mixture model learning is considered,
assuming the availability of samples from the same mixture components, but
with different mixing weights. Two algorithms are described and analyzed.
The first, Multi Sample Projection (MSP), is a dimensionality
reduction algorithm that seeks to find the subspace spanned by the means
of the mixture components. MSP projects the data on the subspace spanned
by the overall means of each of the available sets of samples. The
theoretical analysis shows that the resulting procedure will maintain the
separation between the components assuming the dimension isn't too large,
and that there is sufficient variation in the mixing weight of each
mixture component between the samples.
The second, Double Sample
Clustering (DSC), assumes that exactly two sets of samples are available,
that the mixture components have disjoint support, and that the
(appropriately normalized) mixture weights for any subset of the
components differs by some minimal amount between the two mixtures. The
algorithm iteratively trains binary classifiers on reweighted subsets of
the data sets, the intuition being that the support sets of the mixture
components are regions where the sign of the difference of the densities
of the two mixtures are constant.
The general idea of taking
advantage of the "multiple sample" setting for clustering (there has to be
a less ambiguous name for that by the way, but I can't think of one...) is
interesting, and this paper may lead to further development of algorithms
and theory on the topic.
The theoretical analysis of MSP and DSC
are not much stronger than showing conditions for consistency, which is
all that can be expected without further assumptions. As the authors point
out, sharper rates could be proven for the preservation of distances in
MSP if, for instance, a Gaussian mixture was assumed.
The
numerical experiments provide encouraging evidence for the practical
benefit of MSP and DSC in the multiple sample setting.
Small
issues:
It is not clear to the reviewer why there is an exact
equality in part 2 of Lemma 1, as opposed to a \leq.
Definition 1
is a bit confusing. My understanding is that here L refers to a base
classifier that will be used in the iterations of the algorithm, but the
conditions of the definition seem to be overly general (it allows any
measure over X and +/-1, for one thing, which doesn't have anything to do
with C_1,..., C_K; also condition 3 brings in C_I, even though, again, the
input to the algorithm may have nothing to do with the clusters). Perhaps
it would be clearer if Assumption 4 from section A.3 was used instead.
Also, there is no mention of what delta is; I'm guessing there should be a
"with probability 1-delta" somewhere, as well as an explanation that n is
the number of samples to be used by the algorithm L (n was used for the
number of dimensions earlier in the paper). Q2: Please
summarize your review in 1-2 sentences
The idea of taking advantage of the "multiple sample"
setting for clustering is interesting, and this paper may lead to further
development of algorithms and theory on the topic. The two proposed
algorithms are a good place to start, as evidenced by encouraging
simulation results.
Q1:Author
rebuttal: Please respond to any concerns raised in the reviews. There are
no constraints on how you want to argue your case, except for the fact
that your text should be limited to a maximum of 6000 characters. Note
however that reviewers and area chairs are very busy and may not read long
vague rebuttals. It is in your own interest to be concise and to the
point.
We thank the reviewers for the thoughtful and
encouraging reviews. The reviews include a number of good suggestions that
we will try to incorporate in the final version of the paper. However, as
noted by the reviewers, since this is a first attempt at a new problem, it
is hard to address all aspects of it in a single work. Specifically,
comparing to LDA is hard because LDA cannot be applied to the problem we
experimented with since the distribution is continuous while LDA requires
discrete distributions in the sense that the same word appears multiple
times.
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