Part of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 19 (NIPS 2006)
Arthur Gretton, Karsten Borgwardt, Malte Rasch, Bernhard Schölkopf, Alex Smola
We propose two statistical tests to determine if two samples are from different dis- tributions. Our test statistic is in both cases the distance between the means of the two samples mapped into a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). The first test is based on a large deviation bound for the test statistic, while the second is based on the asymptotic distribution of this statistic. The test statistic can be com- puted in O(m2) time. We apply our approach to a variety of problems, including attribute matching for databases using the Hungarian marriage method, where our test performs strongly. We also demonstrate excellent performance when compar- ing distributions over graphs, for which no alternative tests currently exist.