Context:
Something
 new
 I
 learn
ed
 today
 is
 that
 I
 found
 that
 there
 is
 
a
 Pe
ering
 Database
 
which
 
contains
 details
 of
 different
 pe
ers

 who
 are
 
setup
 in
 
various
 Internet
 Exchange
 points
 (
IX
 or
 I
XP
)
 around
 the
 
globe
.
 So
 bas
ically
,
 it
 
contains
 information

 on
 what
 networks
 are
 pe
ering
,
 
where
 the
y
 are
 pe
ering
,
 and
 if
 the
y
 are
 like
ly
 to
 pe
er
 with
 you
.
 The
 site
 is
 Pe
ering
DB
.

com
 
.
 An
 Internet
 Exchange
 is
 
where
 Internet
 Service
 
Providers
 (
ISP
s
)
 exchange
 internet
 traffic
 
between
 
their
 autonom
ous

 networks
.
 The
 
primary
 purpose
 of
 this
 is
 to
 have
 direct
 inter
connection
 of
 networks
 via
 the
 exchange
,
 ra
ther
 than

 through
 one
 or
 more
 
third
 party
 networks
,
 there
by
 reduc
ing
 cost
,
 laten
cy
,
 and
 band
width
.
 Some
 of
 the
 IX
s
 I
m
 more

 familiar
 with
 (
through
 my
 w
orkplace
)
 are
 the
 TO
RIX
 (
Toronto
 Internet
 Exchange
),
 
NYI
IX
 (
New
 York
 International
 Internet

 Exchange
),
 
SIX
 (
Seattle
 Internet
 Exchange
),
 and
 
AMS
-
IX
 (
Amsterdam
 Internet
 Exchange
).
 Some
 pe
ers
 have
 different
 

policies
 
according
 to
 
their
 
needs
.
 Some
 have
 an
 open
 policy
 
which
 
means
 that
 the
y
 can
 
establish
 B
GP
 pe
ering
 
sessions

 with
 
those
 networks
 who
 request
 to
 pe
er
 with
 them
,
 
while
 others
 have
 
a
 se
lective
 policy
 
which
 is
 attribut
ed
 by
 vari
ed

 reason
s
.
 The
 data
 that
 you
 can
 find
 from
 the
 Pe
ering
 Database
 are
 the
 company
 information
,
 pe
ering
 policy
 information
,

 contact
 information
,
 public
 pe
ering
 exchange
 points
,
 and
 private
 pe
ering
 facilities
.
 I
 have
 to
 mention
 that
 
a
 specific

 company
 may
 be
 available
 at
 se
veral
 IX
s
.
 It
 depend
s
 on
 the
 need
 of
 the
 company
 that
 wish
es
 to
 pe
er
,
 w
hether
 the
y
 want

 to
 
establish
 
sessions
 with
 all
,
 some
,
 or
 just
 one
 of
 
those
 IX
s
 
where
 the
y
 have
 
a
 
mutual
 presenc
e
.
 HP
 S
late
 –
 It
s
 
worth

 it
.
 The
 HP
 S
late
 (
or
 HP
 S
late
 500
)
 is
 
a
 Windows
 7
 
s
late
 PC
 with
 multi
-
touch
 cap
abilities
.
 I
 got
 my
 own
 last
 April
 2011

 and
 I
 love
 it
.
 As
 with
 all
 other
 devices
,
 it
 has
 some

Input:
,
 with
 
a
 traffic
 
capacity
 exceed
ing
 6
 TB
.
 This
 exchange
 is
 follow
ed
 close
ly
 by
 
AMS
-
IX
 in
 Amsterdam
.
 Like
wise
,
 the
 number

 of
 participant
s
 on
 IX
s
 has
 in
creased
.
 Some
 of
 the
 
largest
 have
 well
 over
 1,000
 participant
s
.
 For
 
instance
,
 IX
.
br
 in
 Sao

 Palo
 has
 the
 
largest
 number
 of
 participant
s
,
 with
 more
 than
 
1,500
 
organizations
.
 If
 you
re
 interest
ed
 in
 more
 
detailed
 

statistics
 about
 pe
ering
 
usage
 today
,
 check
 out
 Pack
et
 Clear
ing
 House
 or
 Tele
Ge
ography
.
 Pe
ering
 
essential
ly
 
uses

 standard
 L
2
 
technologies
 to
 connect
 into
 
exchanges
 at
 
various
 data
 center
s
 or
 
carrier
 hotels
 (
a
 data
 center
 
where
 most

 of
 the
 
carrier
s
 and
 fiber
 
providers
 in
 
a
 metro
 area
 host
 
their
 equipment
).
 A
 
border
 
gateway
 protocol
 is
 used
 to
 

establish
 
sessions
 with
 one
 or
 more
 
parties
 on
 the
 pe
ering
 exchange
.
 B
GP
s
 help
 to
 control
 and
 manage
 traffic
,
 
a
lthough

 this
 technology
 
does
 have
 some
 limit
ations
.
 To
 
establish
 
a
 pe
ering
 session
,
 typ
ically
 
a
 company
s
 network
 engineer
 or

 pe
ering
 c
oordinator
 will
 
invite
 an
 organization
 to
 pe
er
.
 The
 more
 
sophis
t
icated
 companies
 have
 
a
 pe
ering
 policy
 and
 

might
 pe
er
 with
 
hundred
s
 of
 other
 
organizations
.
 Some
 IX
s
 support
 route
 server
s
 that
 allow
 semi
-
auto
 pe
ering
 with
 others

 on
 the
 server
.
 This
 can
 simpl
ify
 the
 management
 of
 pe
ering
 
sessions
,
 
a
lthough
 this
 too
 has
 limit
ations
.
 I
 general
ly

 refer
 to
 
those
 as
 open
-
door
 
parties
,
 
where
 everyone
 is
 welcome
.
 It
s
 not
 
always
 
a
 good
 situation
,
 but
 there
 are
 

benefits
.
 
Once
 B
GP
 configuration
s
 are
 
established
,
 pe
ers
 share
 
a
 network
 destin
ed
 to
 one
 
another
 over
 the
 exchange
,
 vers

us
 over
 the
 internet
.
 Pe
ering
 ad
option
 and
 
growth
 continue
s
 to
 
increase
.
 There
 are
 over
 950
 pe
ering
 points
 in
 the
 world

 today
 and
 more
 are
 emerg
ing
 every
 day
.
 In
 fact
,
 Flex
ential
 recent
ly
 partner
ed
 with
 Ninja
-
IX
 to
 
establish
 the
 first
 pe

ering
 exchange
 in
 Charlotte
,
 N
.
C
.
 
called
 C
LT
-
IX
.

Targets:
 We Idx: 1306, Δloglikelihood: 0.627
 plan Idx: 2127, Δloglikelihood: 0.540
 to Idx: 288, Δloglikelihood: -0.010
 sponsor Idx: 42140, Δloglikelihood: 0.847
 more Idx: 1097, Δloglikelihood: 0.044
  Idx: 259, Δloglikelihood: 0.166
exchanges Idx: 49032, Δloglikelihood: 0.098
 in Idx: 281, Δloglikelihood: -0.036
 the Idx: 287, Δloglikelihood: 0.174
 near Idx: 9137, Δloglikelihood: 0.140
 future Idx: 11350, Δloglikelihood: 0.006
. Idx: 260, Δloglikelihood: -0.166
 Large Idx: 30877, Δloglikelihood: 0.685
 social Idx: 2943, Δloglikelihood: -0.341
 media Idx: 3706, Δloglikelihood: -0.139
 and Idx: 305, Δloglikelihood: -0.111
  Idx: 259, Δloglikelihood: -0.084
content Idx: 1299, Δloglikelihood: -0.858
 companies Idx: 17500, Δloglikelihood: 0.728
 still Idx: 5387, Δloglikelihood: -0.088
 pe Idx: 603, Δloglikelihood: -0.210
er Idx: 295, Δloglikelihood: 0.076
 and Idx: 305, Δloglikelihood: -1.126
 continue Idx: 11882, Δloglikelihood: 1.794

 to Idx: 288, Δloglikelihood: 0.000
  Idx: 259, Δloglikelihood: -0.359
anchor Idx: 38057, Δloglikelihood: 0.477
  Idx: 259, Δloglikelihood: -0.028
a Idx: 262, Δloglikelihood: 0.404
 lot Idx: 4761, Δloglikelihood: -0.356
 of Idx: 304, Δloglikelihood: -0.006
 the Idx: 287, Δloglikelihood: 0.249
 pe Idx: 603, Δloglikelihood: 0.181
ering Idx: 8003, Δloglikelihood: 0.010
  Idx: 259, Δloglikelihood: 0.674
exchanges Idx: 49032, Δloglikelihood: -0.588
. Idx: 260, Δloglikelihood: 0.090
 Some Idx: 15737, Δloglikelihood: 0.440
 of Idx: 304, Δloglikelihood: 0.401
 the Idx: 287, Δloglikelihood: -0.151
  Idx: 259, Δloglikelihood: -0.072
larger Idx: 56652, Δloglikelihood: 0.466
  Idx: 259, Δloglikelihood: 0.316
content Idx: 1299, Δloglikelihood: 0.551
  Idx: 259, Δloglikelihood: -0.120
providers Idx: 87483, Δloglikelihood: -0.062
 are Idx: 418, Δloglikelihood: 0.157
  Idx: 259, Δloglikelihood: 0.063
shift Idx: 28415, Δloglikelihood: 0.004
ing Idx: 347, Δloglikelihood: -0.000
 to Idx: 288, Δloglikelihood: -0.151
ward Idx: 12937, Δloglikelihood: -0.398
 more Idx: 1097, Δloglikelihood: 0.079
 direct Idx: 3867, Δloglikelihood: -0.015
 or Idx: 631, Δloglikelihood: 0.845

 private Idx: 9983, Δloglikelihood: 1.851
 pe Idx: 603, Δloglikelihood: 0.141
ering Idx: 8003, Δloglikelihood: -0.041
  Idx: 259, Δloglikelihood: 0.008
relationships Idx: 76592, Δloglikelihood: 0.078
. Idx: 260, Δloglikelihood: 0.304
 This Idx: 1494, Δloglikelihood: -0.098
  Idx: 259, Δloglikelihood: 0.130
makes Idx: 8142, Δloglikelihood: -0.934